Who were the main opposing factions in the Spanish Civil War?

The main opposing factions in the Spanish Civil War were the Republicans and Nationalists. The Republicans, who were a coalition of various leftist groups, including anarchists, socialists, and communists, fought to preserve the democratic government and various social reforms established in Spain in the years leading up to the war. They aimed to create a more egalitarian society and were generally supported by the Soviet Union and international brigades of volunteers.

On the other hand, the Nationalists were led by General Francisco Franco and comprised primarily conservative, monarchist, and fascist elements. They sought to overthrow the Republican government and establish an authoritarian regime. The Nationalists received support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, which provided military aid and personnel.

This ideological clash between the two factions—Republicans advocating for democracy and social reforms versus Nationalists promoting authoritarianism and traditionalism—was the core of the conflict, shaping the political and social landscape of Spain during and after the war.