What does decolonization refer to?

Decolonization refers to the process through which colonies gain independence and become self-governing states, free from the control of their colonial powers. This significant historical phenomenon primarily took place during the mid-20th century when numerous countries in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific sought and achieved independence. It was often fueled by a combination of nationalist movements, the weakening of European powers after World War II, and changing international attitudes towards colonialism.

The correct answer highlights the essence of decolonization as a movement towards sovereignty and self-determination. It encompasses various struggles, including armed resistance, peaceful negotiations, and diplomatic efforts aimed at dismantling colonial rule and establishing political autonomy. Understanding this process provides insight into the broader implications of political, social, and economic structures shaped by colonial contexts and their subsequent transformation post-independence.